Political science attempts to analyze and deconstruct government entities and the social structures that they influence. A strong component of the study involves understanding the political behavior of citizens and various philosophical and ethical issues.

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the western most point of Eurasia, Europe is usually divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.

An advanced certificate is awarded after completion of an academic program that is specially designed to help those who already have a career but want or need to increase their field-specific knowledge. By earning this certificate, students may be able to increase their earning potential.

Online or distance learning refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. With online learning, one can access education at any time and from any location with an available internet connection.