Most counseling programs offer students a variety of psychology and clinical classes to choose from. Some typical topics include theories and approaches to counseling, research methods, group facilitation skills, ethical issues, counseling families and couples, and trauma counseling.

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the western most point of Eurasia, Europe is usually divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.

Certificate programs, which can be earned in about a year, consist of academic classes that are offered at different skill and ability levels. Undergraduate as well as graduate students, depending on their field of study, may obtain certificates.