Even though conflict has always been a part of history, peace and conflict studies aim to reduce conflict in the future by studying ways to avoid it. This is done by studying causes of violent conflict, then explaining to others how conflict begins and how to manage or avoid it.

South America It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It includes twelve sovereign states Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela – and two non-sovereign areas – French Guiana, an overseas territory of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas Territory. In addition to this, Trinidad and Tobago and theABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South America.