History can involve studying one people, culture, or country in particular, but it also often involves general overviews of broad trends. Students of history may be required to conduct research in a specific topic.

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic within the European Union, located in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps.

A PhD is a highly advanced degree that helps graduates become experts within a field. Earning this degree may help students be better qualified for their chosen careers as well as any other professional pursuits they may have.